![]() To meet the food demands for the estimated nine billion humans on Earth, the consumption of N and P fertilizers will likely more than double by 2050 ( Tilman et al., 2001). Nitrogen ( N) and phosphorus ( P) fertilizers have made a significant contribution to the improvement of crop yields ( Godfray et al., 2010 Gregory and George, 2011). Furthermore, our results provide new knowledge and valuable gene resources that should be useful in efforts to breed crops targeting high yield with less fertilizer input. Our results suggest that TaNFYA- B1 plays essential roles in root development and in nitrogen and phosphorus usage in wheat. The increased nitrogen and phosphorus uptake may have resulted from the fact that that overexpressing TaNFYA- B1 stimulated root development and up-regulated the expression of both nitrate and phosphate transporters in roots. Overexpressing TaNFYA- B1, a low-nitrogen- and low-phosphorus-inducible NFYA transcript factor on chromosome 6B, significantly increased both nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and grain yield under differing nitrogen and phosphorus supply levels in a field experiment. In contrast, microRNA169 negatively responded to low nitrogen and phosphorus availability and degraded NFYAs. ![]() The expression of most NFYAs positively responded to low nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Sequence mining together with gene cloning identified 18 NFYAs, 34 NFYBs, and 28 NFYCs. ![]() ![]() This research performed a genome-wide sequence analysis of the A (NFYA), B (NFYB), and C (NFYC) subunits of Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) in wheat ( Triticum aestivum) and further investigated their responses to nitrogen and phosphorus availability in wheat seedlings. Identifying nutrient-efficient genes will facilitate the breeding of crops with improved fertilizer use efficiency. Increasing fertilizer consumption has led to low fertilizer use efficiency and environmental problems. ![]()
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